Read the information below in Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Meiteilon (Manipuri), Nepali, Odia (Oriya), Punjabi (Gurmukhi), Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu, or Urdu by selecting your preferred language using the translation tool in the top left corner of the screen.
### Top Courses
**Sciences**
**Commerce**
**Neutral Careers**
Engineering
Chartered Accountant
Hotel Management
Medical Sciences
Finance and Banking
Legal Services
Architecture/Planning
Management
Media & Communication
Agri/Food Sciences
Sales and Marketing
Design
Allied & Para Medical
Humanities and Social Sciences
Science & Mathematics
Government/ Civil Services
#### Engineering Specializations
**Computer Science** — Artificial Intelligence / Data science / Machine Learning / Business Systems / Cloud computing / Block Chain / Internet of Things
**Electronics** — IoT / Cloud Computing / Networking / Cyber security / Gaming Technology / VLSI design / Optics and Opto Electronics / Mechatronics
**Mechanical** — Mechatronics / AI / Robotics / Additive Manufacturing / Electric Vehicle / Smart Manufacturing
**Electrical** — Power System / Energy / Environmental Management / Smart and Sustainable Energy
**Civil** — Civil & rural / Structural / Planning / Geological Techno / Geophysical Technology / Environmental
**Aeronautical** — Aero Space / Airline Management / Aircraft maintenance
**Agriculture** — Agriculture Technology / Smart Agritech / Dairy Technology
**Bio** — Technology / Genetic Engineering / Regenerative medicine / Pharma Technology / Bioinformatics / Bioelectronics
#### Medical & Sciences
**Medicine** —
- Specialist / Surgeon / …ologist / Scientist
- Dentist
- Veterinarian
**Allied & Para Medical** —
- AYUSH – Ayurveda / Yoga / Unani / Siddha / Homeopathy
- Physiotherapy / Pharma
- Radiology / Laboratory / Anesthesia / Cardiac Perfusion / Dialysis / Operation Theatre / Optometry / Audio & Speech Language Pathology
- Nursing – Adult & Geriatric / Auxiliary / Cardiothoracic / Surgical / Neonatal / Oncology / Midwife / Orthopedic / Operation Theatre
**Agri/Food Sciences** — Food Scientist / Forestry / Horticulture / Soil Scientist
**Architecture/Planning** — Architect / Urban Planner / Design
**Science & Mathematics** — Astronomer / Bacteriologist / Botanist / Chemist / Entomologist / Ergonomist / Fisheries / Virologist / Wildlife / Cartographer
#### Commerce
**Chartered Accountant** — Tax / Financial / Management Accountant, Auditor, Budget Analyst
**Finance and Banking** — Accountant, Banker, Insurance Professional, Microfinance Professional, Investment Banker, Risk Manager, Cost & Management Accountant, Stockbroker etc.
**Management** — Business Executive, Human Resource / Supplychain / Operations / Production Manager, Logistics / Management Analyst, Entrepreneur, Waste Management etc.
**Sales and Marketing** — Sales / Brand / International Marketing Manager, Digital Marketing, Growth Hacker, Direct Marketing, Media Planner
#### Neutral
**Hotel Management** — Front Office / Accommodation / House Keeping / Food & Beverages / Hospitality and Tourism
**Legal Services** — Civil / Corporate / Cyber / Human rights / Intellectual Property Lawyer / Public Prosecutor / Judge / Medical / Maritime lawyer
**Media & Communication** — Journalist / Public Relations / Media / Advertising / Cinematographer / Blogger / Film Editor / Social Media
**Design** — Fashion / Jewellery / Interior / Textile / Visual Communication
**Humanities and Social Sciences** —
- International relations expert / Public Affairs and Policy Expert / Development / Social scientist / Social worker
- Psychology – Clinical / Organisational / Child / Social / Sports / Rehabilitation
**Government / Civil Services** —
- IAS / IFS / IRS / IPS / IES
- Armed forces – Navy / Airforce / Army
- Income Tax Officer
---
#### Entrance Test 1
**Joint Entrance Exam – JEE** —
- Twice a year – Jan, Apr / CBT
- 31 NITs, JEE Adv, IITs, IIITS, CFITS
**Karnataka Common Entrance Exam Test – KCET** —
- Once a year – April / Paper and Pen-OMR
- All Govt Colleges / Govt seats in Pvt. Colleges
**COMEDK – UGET** —
- Once a year – April / CBT
- For Pvt. Colleges
**National Eligibility cum Entrance Test – NEET UG** —
- Once a year – May / Pen and Paper-OMR
- MBBS, BDS, AYUSH – BAMS, BNYS, BUMS, BSMA, BHMS
**Common University Entrance Test – UG** —
- Once a year – May / CBT
- Central Universities – All undergraduate courses
#### Entrance Test 2
**Common Law Admission Test – CLAT** —
- Once a year – Dec / Paper pen test
- 22 National Law Universities
**Law School Admission Test – LSAT** —
- Twice a year – Jan, Apr / CBT
- Private Universities
**Undergraduate Common Entrance Exam for Design – UCEED** —
- Once a year – Jan / CBT & Drawing
- IITs, Some seats in Pvt. Universities
**Design Aptitude Test – NID-DAT** —
- Once a year – Feb / CBT & Drawing
- 7 National Institutes of Design
**Integrated Program for Management – IPMAT** —
- Once a year – May / CBT + Interview
- IIM Indore / Rohtak / Ranchi / Jammu / Bodh Gaya
---
### Careers Around You
##### 1. IT & ITES - Information Technology
**Careers**
- Engineers – Computer Science, Software, IT
- Call Centre/Contact/Data Centres – Business Process Outsourcing (BPO), Knowledge Process Outsourcing (KPO), Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), Customer Support, Data Processing, Technical Support
- Web Developer, Computer Operator & Program Analyst, Software Testing, Data Entry Operator
**Courses**
- BTech/BE/Diploma – CS, ECE, EEE, Mechanical and related courses
- Graduation – Any graduation with basic Computer Skills
- Certification courses, ITI courses – Data entry, Web design, Digital marketing, Software testing, Office automation, Coding languages (C, C++, Python…), IT
**Subjects & Skills**
- Math
- Science
- Computer Science
- Coding Skill
- Logical and reasoning abilities
##### 2. Electronics, Electricals & Hardware
**Careers**
- Engineers – Electrical, Electronics
- Technician – AC & Refrigeration, Sales & Service, Computer Hardware/Networking, CCTV Installation, Mobile Repairing, Broadband Technician, TV/DTH Repair, Solar Panel
- Electrician, Plumber, Fitter, Machinist, Welder
**Courses**
- BTech/BE – CS, Electronics, Electrical, Mechanical, Civil
- Diploma from Polytechnics, ITI – CS, Electronics, Electrical, Mechanical, Civil, Embedded Systems
- Certificate courses on – Hardware, Networking, Mobile Phone Technology, Machinist, Fitter, Welder, Electrician, Plumber, Wiring and Electronics
**Subjects & Skills**
- Basic Maths
- English/any language
- Technical subjects if any\*
##### 3. Automobiles & Transport
**Careers**
- Mechanical Engineer, Automotive Engineer, Maintenance, Aerospace, Railways
- Manufacturing Plants - Plant Manager, Supervisor, Quality control, Tool Room, Mixing, Shifting
**Courses**
- BTech/BE - Mechanical, Civil
- Diploma from Polytechnics, ITI - Mechanical, Civil, Embedded Systems, Motor Vehicle, Heavy Machines
- Certificate courses on - Machinist, Fitter, Welder, Metal Works & Tinkering, Diesel Mechanism
**Subjects & Skills**
- Basic Maths
- English/any language
- Technical subjects if any\*
##### 4. Construction
**Careers**
- Architect, Civil Engineer, Construction Engineer
- Carpenter, Draughtsperson, Scaffolder, Cartographer
- Painter, Foreman, Mason, Bar bender, Tile Laying
**Courses**
- BTech/BE - Civil Engineering, B Arch, B Planning
- Diploma in Civil Draughtsperson, Building Design, Land Survey, Revit Architecture, Architectural technology
- Certificate Courses - Painter, Foreman, Mason, Bar bender, Tile Laying, Land Survey Assistant, Autocad,
Revit
**Subjects & Skills**
- Basic Maths
- Drawing (2D & 3D)
##### 5. Medical, Allied & Paramedical Sciences
**Careers**
- Medical Sciences - Allopathy Doctors (General Physician, Orthopedician, Gynecologist, Oncologist, Dentist, ENT), Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy
- Allied & Para Medical – Nurse, Physiotherapist, Nutrition and Dietician, Medical Lab Pathologist, Chiropractor
- Technician - Ophthalmic, Dental, Anesthesia, X ray, Ultrasound, Dialysis, Speech Therapist
**Courses**
- MBBS, AYUSH, B.Sc Nursing, GNM
- B.Sc Homesciences/ Nutrition
- BPT, BOT, BMLT
- B.Opt
- Dentist
**Subjects & Skills**
- Maths
- Science
- Languages
- Reasoning and Logical thinking
- Decision Making
##### 6. BFSI - Banking, Finance, Securities and Insurance
**Careers**
- Insurance/Mutual Fund Agents
- Tally Professional
- Bank Clerk Accountant, Cashier
- Investment Advisor, Stock Broker
- Micro Finance Executive
##### 7. Business, Sales and Marketing
**Careers**
- Marketing/Sales/Brand Manager
- Digital/Direct Marketing Professional
- Sales Executive - Automobile, Retail etc
- Business Process Executive
- Media Planner
**Courses**
- BBA, BMS, BBS, BMMS, IPM, BA Economics, B.Com, BTech
- B.Vocation in Sales and Marketing, Retail Assistant
- NSQF Skill Courses - Sales and Retail Representative, Business Finance Investment and Tax Planning, Marketing & Management, Marketing Financial Products
**Subjects & Skills**
- Basic Maths
- English
- Leadership
- Communication
##### 8. Hospitality, Tourism and Transport
**Careers**
- Commercial Pilot, Cabin Crew, Flight attendant, Air Traffic Controller, Airline Cargo Assistant, Airline Services Executive
- Hotel management - Housekeeping, Front Desk, Chef, Kitchen Staff, Catering
- Travel and Tourism Professional - Travel Agent, Tour Operator, Tour Manager
**Courses**
- BBA in Hotel Management, Certificate
- BA in Travel and Tourism, B.Voc in Travel and Tourism
- National Skill Qualification Framework (NSQF) certification courses
- Food Preservation, Catering, Housekeeping, Culinary, Food Production, Snack Production, Beverage Service
**Subjects & Skills**
- Basic Maths
- Languages
- Communication
##### 9. Animation & Graphic Design
**Careers**
- Web/Graphic/Game/Multimedia Designer
- Animator
- UI/UX designer
- Multimedia Technologies
**Courses**
- B Design, B.Sc CS/BCA
- B.Voc - Multimedia and Graphics, Multimedia Animation and Spl. Effects
- Diploma in Design, Multimedia and Graphics, Web Design, Auto CAD, 3D Animation, 3D painting, Audio/Video Editing
- Certification - Multimedia Animation and Spl. Effects, Adobe Photoshop, Corel Draw
**Subjects & Skills**
- Basic Math
- Languages
- Communication
- Drawing basics
- Computer basics
##### 10. Defence & Government Services
**Careers**
- Police, Firefighter, Security Guard
- Armed Forces - Army, Navy and Airforce - Agnipath
- Government Service: IAS, IPS, Income Tax Officer, Indian Foreign Services
**Courses**
- 10th, 12th Graduation - Open to all streams
- Graduation for UPSC (Union Public Service Commission) or SPSC (State Public Service Commission) exams
**Subjects & Skills**
- Basic Maths
- English
- General Knowledge
- Reasoning and Logical Ability
##### 11. Media and Mass Communication/ Entertainment
**Careers**
- Advertising Professional/ Journalist - Print and Electronic
- Public Relations Manager/ Media Manager
- Blogger/ Vlogger/ YouTuber
- Cartoonist/ Illustrator
- Radio Jockey
**Courses**
- BA Journalism, Mass Communication, B.Voc
- BA in Media and Communication
- Diploma in Media and Communication
**Subjects & Skills**
- Languages
- Proficiency in Reading, Writing, Speaking
- General Knowledge
- Current Affairs
##### 12. Education and Teaching
**Careers**
- Teacher: Primary, Middle, High and Senior Secondary, Lecturer, Professor
- Elementary teacher, Early Childhood Development Worker, Anganwadi workers, etc.
- Foreign Language Teacher, Counsellor, Translator, Sports Coach, Special Education etc.
**Courses**
- Bachelor of Education - BA/BSc B.Ed, BP.Ed.
- Diploma in Preschool Education/ Education - D.Ed, Anganwadi worker, Supervisor
- Montessori Teacher Training, Nursery Teacher Training etc.
**Subjects & Skills**
- Languages
- Basic Math,
- Being organised
- Active listening
##### 13. Social Development Sector
**Careers**
- Social Development: Social Scientist, Social Worker, Public Affairs & Policy Expert, Sociologist, International Relations Specialist, Philosopher
- Early Childhood Development Worker, Anganwadi workers etc.
- Foreign Language Teacher, Counsellor, Translator, Spl. Education etc.
**Courses**
- Bachelor/Masters - BA Sociology, Social Dev., Philosophy, BSW
- Diploma in Preschool Education/ Education - D.Ed, Anganwadi worker, Supervisor
- Early Childhood Dev. Worker, Special Education, Community Health Worker
**Subjects & Skills**
- Languages
- Basic Math
- Biology
- Empathetic
- Being organised
- Active listening
##### 14. Legal Services
**Careers**
- Lawyer - Corporate, IP, Criminal, Cyber, Maritime, Medical, Civil, Human Rights, Judge, Public Prosecutor
- Paralegal
- Legal Assistants
**Courses**
- Bachelor/Masters - BA /BSc/ BBA/ LLB, Graduation + LLB, LLB + LLM(Integrated)
- Diploma in Paralegal
**Subjects & Skills**
- Languages
- Basic Math
- Reasoning
- Investigative
- Effective Communication
- Persuasion
##### 15. Fitness and Wellbeing
**Careers**
- Nutritionist
- Sports Manager, Sports Psychologist
- Beautician, Hair Stylist, Makeup Artist
- Pet Groomer
- Beauty and Wellness Advisor etc.
**Courses**
- BA in Food and Nutrition, BA in Nutrition and Dietetics, B.Sc Food Science and Technology
- BBA in Sports Management, Business Management
- BA in Psychology, BA in Behavioural Psychology etc.
- Certification courses that are offered by various institutes
**Subjects & Skills**
- Science
- Languages
- Analytic Skills
##### 16. Textile & handloom/ Apparel & Accessories/ Art & Design
**Careers**
- Fashion/ Interior/ Jewellery/ Textile/ Footwear Designer
- Tailoring
- Sewing Machine Technician, Machine/Hand Embroidery etc
**Courses**
- B Design -Textile, Product, Apparel, Interior, Communication
- Diploma - Fashion Design
- Advanced Diploma in Fashion Design, Jewellery Design
**Subjects & Skills**
- Basic Maths
- Drawing
- Painting
- Art & Craft
##### 17. New Age Careers
**Medical Scientists**
- Research the causes of disease. They also look for ways to prevent and cure them.
- BSc. Biology/ Chemistry/ Medical Science/ MBBS
- PhD is required
**Data Scientist/Analyst**
- Use mathematical and statistical methods to solve many challenges for businesses, governments, NGOs, scientists
- BSc. Statistics/Physics/Applied Mathematics/Economics/Computer Science or Eng in CS/Electronics or BBA/MBA
- PG is required to grow
**Forensic Scientists**
- Collect evidence from the crime scene
- BSc. Physics/Chemistry/Biology/Math
**Cyber Security**
- Secures/protects a country's armed forces', police forces', organizations' and individuals' computer systems and networks
- BCA/Btech/Digital Forensics/Information Science/Network Admin
- Security/Diploma in Ethical Hacking
- Certifications such as CIPTI, CCNA and CHFI
**Digital Marketing**
- BBA/BMS/B.com with a focus on Digital Marketing
- Certificate courses from Coursera, Udemy, etc.
**UX/UI Designer**
- A UI/UX designer creates the interface for the best user experience for a mobile application or a website
- Diploma/BCA/BTech/BSc in Computer Application/Information Technology/Web Design
**Sports Management**
- Specialize in business-related matters related to sports
- BBA/BBA in Sports Management
- PG is required to grow
**Chartered Accountant**
- Audit and certify financial accounts of companies
- CA Foundation→ CA intermediate→ ICIICITSS and ICAI Orientation course → CA Article ship (2 years)→ CA Final exam
- Bcom/BBA/BMS/BBM from a regular college and doing CA is advised as it takes a minimum of 5 to 6 years to complete CA and to increase employability
**Actuary**
- Evaluate, manage, and advise on financial risks
- Actuarial Common Entrance Test→ Core Principles (7 subjects), Core Practices (3 subjects), Specialist Principles (7 optional subjects out of which any 2 compulsory), Specialist Advanced (5 optional subjects out of which 1 compulsory)
- Graduate or postgraduate students in Maths/Stats/Eng./Mgmt. and related subjects or CAs have direct entry without entrance exams
**Indian/State Civil Services**
- Runs the Government's administration - both for the Central or Federal Government and the State or Provincial Governments. State level officers are only at the state level
- After any Graduation one can appear for UPSC exam or SPSC exam
# Financial Literacy
Read the information below in Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Meiteilon (Manipuri), Nepali, Odia (Oriya), Punjabi (Gurmukhi), Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu, or Urdu by selecting your preferred language using the translation tool in the top left corner of the screen.
**Financial literacy**
- Introduction to Financial Literacy
- Key Points:
- What is financial literacy?
- Importance of managing money effectively.
- How it impacts your life (budgeting, saving, and investing).
**Saving**
- WHAT IS SAVING?
- Savings = income minus expenses
- No or very little income generated on savings
- Helps you during emergencies
- Budgeting helps cut down unwanted expenses and increase savings
- Expenses = income minus savings
**Investment**
- WHAT IS investment?
- Savings generating income
- Interest – amount charged for the period of borrowing
- Simple interest & compound interest
- Short-term / long-term
- LUMPSUM / REGULAR
**Simple interest vs compound interest**
Lumpsum investment of Rs.10,000 for 10 years at 10% p.a. interest
**Year**
**Simple Interest**
**Value at year end**
**Compound Interest**
**Value at year end**
1
1,000
11,000
1,000
11,000
2
1,000
12,000
1,100
12,100
3
1,000
13,000
1,210
13,310
4
1,000
14,000
1,331
14,641
5
1,000
15,000
1,464
16,105
6
1,000
16,000
1,611
17,716
7
1,000
17,000
1,772
19,487
8
1,000
18,000
1,949
21,436
9
1,000
19,000
2,144
23,579
10
1,000
20,000
2,358
25,937
**Principles of investing**
- Invest early – lumpsum investment
- Compounding works better if you start investing early and invest for a longer term
**Principles of investing**
- Invest early & regularly – regular investment
- Compounding works better if you start investing early and invest for a longer term
**Principles of investing**
- Invest early
- Compounding works better if you start investing early and invest for a longer term
**Particulars**
**A**
**B**
Start Age
25
35
End Age
55
55
Investment per month
₹ 3,500
₹ 7,000
Rate of Return
12% p.a.
12% p.a.
Corpus accumulated
₹ 1,07,83,406
₹ 64,39,001
**Investment avenues**
Instrument
Risk
Return
Term
Duration
Avg expected return
Recurring Deposit / Fixed Deposit
Low
Low
Short term
Upto 3 years
5.5-6% p.a.
Liquid / Ultra short term debt mutual funds
Low
Low
Short term
Upto 3 years
5-7% p.a.
Equity Mutual Funds / ETFs
High
High
Long term
> 8 years
12-15% p.a.
Equity Shares
High
High
Long term
> 8 years
12-15% p.a.
# Aadhaar, PAN, and Digilocker session
Read the information below in Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Meiteilon (Manipuri), Nepali, Odia (Oriya), Punjabi (Gurmukhi), Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu, or Urdu by selecting your preferred language using the translation tool in the top left corner of the screen.
### Know Your Documents
A **PAN (Permanent Account Number)** card is an essential identification card for individuals and entities in India, issued by the Income Tax Department.
**[](https://books.humansofwelive.org/uploads/images/gallery/2025-08/img00002.jpg)[](https://books.humansofwelive.org/uploads/images/gallery/2025-08/img00005.jpg)****Aadhar** is a unique identification number issued by the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) to the residents of India.
[](https://books.humansofwelive.org/uploads/images/gallery/2025-08/img00003.jpg)
[](https://books.humansofwelive.org/uploads/images/gallery/2025-08/img00004.jpg)
#### Purposes and Uses
✔ **Documents Required:** Proof of identity, proof of address, and proof of date of birth.
✔ **Enrolment Centers:** Application can be made at authorized Aadhar enrolment centers.
✔ **Biometric Data Collection:** Biometric data (fingerprints, iris scan) and photograph are collected during enrolment.
✔ **Processing Time:** After enrollment, it takes a few weeks to receive the Aadhar card.
### Application Process
1. Documents Required: Proof of identity, proof of address, and proof of date of birth.
2. Enrolment Centres: Application can be made at authorised Aadhaar enrolment centres.
3. Biometric Data Collection: Biometric data (fingerprints, iris scan) and photograph are collected during enrollment.
4. Processing Time: After enrolment, it takes a few weeks to receive the Aadhaar card.
#### Reasons to Update Aadhar
1. **Biometric Updates** – Updating fingerprints and iris scans due to age or wear and tear.
2. **Changing Phone Number** – Updating the registered mobile number for OTP and notifications.
3. **Address Change** – Changing the address due to relocation or incorrect address in records.
4. **Name Change** – Correcting spelling mistakes or legal name changes.
5. **Updating Photograph** – Changing the photograph due to significant changes in appearance.
6. **Updating Other Details** – Changes in email ID, date of birth, gender, etc.
#### New Aadhar and Correction
**Below 18 years only**
1. **Birth Certificate** (original, baby name should be there)
2. **Passport**
**Name Change**
1. PAN Card
2. Voter ID
3. Driving License (DL)
4. Passport
5. Birth Certificate
6. 10th Certificate (original, with photo)
**Date of Birth (DOB) Update** *(Documents should match Aadhar name)*
1. Birth Certificate
2. Passport
3. 10th Certificate
**Address Update** *(Documents should match Aadhar name)*
1. Gas Bill (recent 3 months)
2. Voter ID
3. Bank Passbook (with photo and seal)
4. Bank Statement (with seal, recent 3 months)
5. WiFi Bill (recent 3 months)
6. Phone Bill (postpaid, recent 3 months)
#### How to Find Aadhaar Correction Centre
1. Visit the [UIDAI website](https://uidai.gov.in/) and click on “Locate an Enrolment Center in Bhuvan Aadhaar” listed under the My Aadhaar section.
2. Post Office
3. Some Government & Private Banks
4. Common Service Center
5. E-Seva Kendra
#### How to Apply for PAN Card
**Online**
**Offline**
Visit [NSDL](https://nsdl.co.in/) or [UTIITSL](https://www.pan.utiitsl.com/) website
Get application form authorised PAN centre
Fill form, submit & pay the processing fee
Fill form, attach required documents & submit along with the processing fee
PAN will be sent to the given address
PAN will be sent to the given address
### DigiLocker
#### What is DigiLocker?
[DigiLocker](https://www.digilocker.gov.in) is a digital locker service provided by the Government of India. It allows you to store your important documents like Aadhaar card, PAN card, driving license, and school certificates online. This means you can access your documents anytime, anywhere using your smartphone or computer without carrying physical copies.
### Quiz Questions
1. **What is the full form of UIDAI?**
→ Unique Identification Authority of India
2. **How many digits are there in an Aadhaar number?**
→ 12
3. **What does PAN stand for?**
→ Permanent Account Number
4. **How many characters are there in a PAN number?**
→ 10
5. **Where can you apply for a PAN card online?**
→ NSDL website
6. **Which document is mandatory to link with Aadhar for filing income tax returns?**
a) Voter ID
b) Driving License
c) **PAN Card** ✅
d) Passport
7. **What biometric data is collected when applying for an Aadhar Card?**
a) **Fingerprints and retina scan** ✅
b) Voice sample
c) Handwriting sample
d) DNA sample
8. **Which of the following requires a PAN Card?**
a) Opening a bank account
b) Filing income tax returns
c) Buying property
d) **All of the above** ✅